Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture plays a key role in the life of the plant.  Nutrients in the soil solution provide the plant with the food it needs to grow.  Water is also essential for regulating plant temperature through the process of transpiration.  Plant root systems are better developed when growing in moist soil.  Excessive levels of soil moisture, however, can lead to anaerobic conditions that can promote the growth of plant and soil pathogens.

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.^[1] Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.

The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners.

Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric water content. Another class of sensors measure another property of moisture in soils called water potential; these sensors are usually referred to as soil water potential sensors and include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Spectrophotometry

 Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength. This measurement can also be used to measure the amount of a known chemical substance. Spectrophotometry is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis in various fields such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering and clinical applications.

Every chemical compound absorbs, transmits, or reflects light (electromagnetic radiation) over a certain range of wavelength. Spectrophotometry is a measurement of how much a chemical substance absorbs or transmits. Spectrophotometry is widely used for quantitative analysis in various areas (e.g., chemistry, physics, biology, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering, clinical applications, industrial applications, etc). Any application that deals with chemical substances or materials can use this technique. In biochemistry, for example, it is used to determine enzyme-catalyzed reactions. In clinical applications, it is used to examine blood or tissues for clinical diagnosis. There are also several variations of the spectrophotometry such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic emission spectrophotometry.

A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance (concentrations) can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected. Depending on the range of wavelength of light source, it can be classified into two different types:

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Biosensors

 The term “biosensor” is short for “biological sensor.” The device is made up of a transducer and a biological element that may be an enzyme, an antibody or a nucleic acid. The bio element interacts with the analyte being tested and the biological response is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer. Depending on their particular application, biosensors are also known as immunosensors, optrodes, resonant mirrors, chemical canaries, biochips, glucometers and biocomputers.  A commonly cited definition of a biosensor is:

“A chemical sensing device in which a biologically derived recognition is coupled to a transducer, to allow the quantitative development of some complex biochemical parameter.”

Parts of a biosensor:

Every biosensor comprises:

• A biological component that acts as the sensor
• An electronic component that detects and transmits the signal

Biosensor elements:

A variety of substances may be used as the bioelement in a biosensor. Examples of these include:

• Nucleic acids
• Proteins including enzymes and antibodies. Antibody-based biosensors are also called immunosensors.
• Plant proteins or lectins
• Complex materials like tissue slices, microorganisms and organelles

• The signal generated when the sensor interacts with the analyte may be electrical, optical or thermal. It is then converted by means of a suitable transducer into a measurable electrical parameter – usually a current or voltage.

  Applications

  Biosensor probes are becoming increasingly sophisticated, mainly owing to a combination of advances in two technological fields: microelectronics and biotechnology. Biosensors are highly valuable devices for measuring a wide spectrum of analytes including organic compounds, gases, ions and bacteria.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

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Sensory Adaptation and Neuromorphic Phototransistors Based on CsPb(Br1–xIx)3 Perovskite and MoS2 Hybrid Structure

Sensory Adaptation and Neuromorphic Phototransistors Based on CsPb(Br1–xIx)3 Perovskite and MoS2 Hybrid Structure:

  

Sensory adaptation is an essential part of biological neural systems for sustaining human life. Using the light-induced halide phase segregation of CsPb(Br1–xIx)3 perovskite, we introduce neuromorphic phototransistors that emulate human sensory adaptation. The phototransistor based on a hybrid structure of perovskite and transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) emulates the sensory adaptation in response to a continuous light stimulus, similar to the neural system. The underlying mechanism for the sensory adaptation is the halide segregation of the mixed halide perovskites. The phase separation under visible-light illumination leads to the segregation of I and Br into separate iodide- and bromide-rich domains, significantly changing the photocurrent in the phototransistors. The devices are reversible upon the removal of the light stimulation, resulting in near-complete recovery of the photosensitivity before the phase segregation (sensitivity recovery of 96.65% for 5 min rest time). The proposed phototransistor based on the perovskite–TMD hybrid structure can be applied to other neuromorphic devices such as neuromorphic photonic devices, intelligent sensors, and selective light-detecting image sensors.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Image Sensors

Contact Image Sensors (CIS) has a line of image sensors across the field of view. It also includes a GRIN lens (Rod Lens) for 1:1 image quality and LED illumination. Comparing to conventional line scan camera systems, a CIS has improved image quality with reduced distortion, all in a compact design with up to 600dpi resolution.

 An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to form an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information. The waves can be light or other electromagnetic radiation. Image sensors are used in electronic imaging devices of both analog and digital types, which include digital cameras, camera modules, camera phones, optical mouse devices,^[1][2][3] medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment such as thermal imaging devices, radar, sonar, and others. As technology changes, electronic and digital imaging tends to replace chemical and analog imaging.

The two main types of electronic image sensors are the charge-coupled device (CCD) and the active-pixel sensor (CMOS sensor). Both CCD and CMOS sensors are based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology, with CCDs based on MOS capacitors and CMOS sensors based on MOSFET (MOS field-effect transistor) amplifiers. Analog sensors for invisible radiation tend to involve vacuum tubes of various kinds, while digital sensors include flat-panel detectors.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

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Sensing Technology - Future Advancements

 Today's industrial landscape is characterized by unprecedented levels of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. As a result, operational effectiveness, clubbed with lower cost and enhanced security, both for assets and personnel, has gained importance. In this backdrop, sensing technology and its advancements have played a key role for industrial operations to remain competitive and efficient.

Sensing technology and its various applications are constantly evolving in line with advancements in technology and business needs. Sensors are available to detect a wide variety of real-world properties–from distance to heat to pressure. Today’s products sense everything around them using sensors and they have the capacity to be extremely accurate, consume less power, and are inexpensive to install and maintain. Sensors are proving to be vital components in creating new value for their process and respective businesses.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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What is proximity sensor

The proximity sensor refers to a series of sensors used to detect the distance of an object, and their common point is that they will not touch the object during the detection process.

 There are many types of proximity sensors. The commonly used proximity sensors have the same principle. They transmit electromagnetic fields or light beams and analyze the reflected changes to determine whether objects are approaching or appearing, leaving, or disappearing.

 

The farthest detectable distance is called "rated range". Some sensors can adjust the rated range to suit different purposes. If the rated range is adjusted within a very short distance, the proximity sensor is often used as a touch switch. Proximity sensors are generally characterized by high reliability and long functional life. This is because there is no physical contact between the sensor and the sensed object, and the damage of mechanical parts is close to zero.

Different types of proximity sensors include inductive proximity sensors, capacitive proximity sensors, ultrasonic proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, and Hall effect sensors. Different proximity sensors are suitable for detecting different types of objects. For example, capacitive sensors are suitable for detecting plastic objects, while inductive proximity sensors are used for metal targets.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Ultrasonic Sensors: Mapping the Future

Ultrasonic Sensors: Mapping the Future

                      

Together with upcoming environmental regulations and data standardization, they form part of a series of challenges – and opportunities – for the maritime industry, ones that have the potential to make it safer, cleaner and more efficient.

Industry 4.0 is also referred to as the industrial revolution and is the popular name used to describe the drive towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies, of which remote sensing is key.

That is where ultrasonic sensors come in, and their utilization has the potential to in the words of Deloitte, to “create new value across the supply chain” by “lowering production costs and providing critical insights into customer behaviour.”

In short, ultrasonic sensors are industrial devices that use sound waves above 20,000 Hertz (Hz), beyond the range of human hearing, to measure distance from a certain spot to a specified target object.

The smart sensor market, which includes ultrasonic sensors, is growing at approximately 19% every year, and could be worth as much as US $60 billion by 2022.

As well as accelerating the drive towards automation and Industry 4.0, ultrasonic sensors can also be used across manufacturing and the wider supply chain for numerous different purposes.

They work in a variety of logistics applications, including heavy industry and port operations. For shippers, they have a wide range of benefits, from navigation to fire and corrosion prevention.

Ultrasonic wind sensors, for example, can help ships comply with international regulations on weather data collection, such as wind speed, which captains can then use to navigate around storms.

This is an example of how ultrasonic sensors can be utilized across commercial shipping, be it in the container, bulk or passenger segment.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) – The Future of Retail Technologies

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) – The Future of Retail Technologies:

Before the onset of the smartphone era, Bluetooth used to be the de facto connectivity standard in transferring data from one phone to another; usually, audio, videos and picture files. Now in its latest avatar, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or Bluetooth Smart, the technology is making a full-fledged return because of its ease of use in connecting devices for the Internet-of-Things It is a light weighted subset of classic Bluetooth that supports Bluetooth 4.0 Core specification. As per ABI Research forecasts, there will be a flood of new Bluetooth-enabled devices with a total shipment of 5 billion such devices, and BLE alone constituting 27% of all shipments.Low power wireless personal area network technologies are intended to replace the cables being used in devices connection, from mobile phones and headsets to heart monitors and in medical device gadgets. The retail sector will particularly be a keen adopter of BLE technology, especially “beacons” which are the transmitters that relay the device’s location to nearby portable gadgets. The market for this is expected to grow to 60 million Beacon devices by 2019. Apart from retail, according to ABI Research, the market is huge for connected homes and access devices.BLE can bring several advantages to the retail sector, including faster communication, safety, security with added benefits of low power consumption.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Editonal of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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Sensor Technology Is Invading Every Facet of Our Lives… And It’s Spectacular!

Sensor Technology Is Invading Every Facet of Our Lives… And It’s Spectacular!

Common devices are being equipped with more and more sensing technology to give users greater control over their everyday lives.

It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking about sensors in a purely abstract way. Sure, we know current and emerging sensor technology is crucial to the expansion of the IoT, which is forecast to revolutionize everything from agriculture to city management. We’re also intimately familiar with a sensor fusion device (one capable of integrating the outputs from multiple different sensors) that is likely only a few feet away from us at any given time—our smartphones. These now-essential machines are equipped with GPS sensors, accelerometers, capacitive touchscreens, light sensors, and IR scanners, among many others.

But as technological proliferation grows by leaps and bounds and we move towards the trillion sensor universe, even the most mundane devices and appliance in our daily lives are becoming awash in sensing technology. These deceptively smart devices may resemble their forbears at a glance, but thanks to their ability to understand the world around them through sensing technology, their capabilities far outstrip those of their predecessors.

Here are just a few examples of devices that we’ve used for decades, and how recent additions of modern sensor technology have taken their functionality to the next level.

#sensors#temperature#pressuresensors#wsn#wifi#gassensors#biosensors#vibrationsensors#humidtysensor#neuromorphic#parkingsensors#nanosensors#MOSsensors#wireless#transducer#measuring#sensing#WSN#detectors#thermistors#machinary#ulurasonic#proximitysensor#lightsensor#computer#imagesensor

5th Editonal of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Malaysia

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