Biosensors

 The term “biosensor” is short for “biological sensor.” The device is made up of a transducer and a biological element that may be an enzyme, an antibody or a nucleic acid. The bio element interacts with the analyte being tested and the biological response is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer. Depending on their particular application, biosensors are also known as immunosensors, optrodes, resonant mirrors, chemical canaries, biochips, glucometers and biocomputers.  A commonly cited definition of a biosensor is:

“A chemical sensing device in which a biologically derived recognition is coupled to a transducer, to allow the quantitative development of some complex biochemical parameter.”

Parts of a biosensor:

Every biosensor comprises:

• A biological component that acts as the sensor
• An electronic component that detects and transmits the signal

Biosensor elements:

A variety of substances may be used as the bioelement in a biosensor. Examples of these include:

• Nucleic acids
• Proteins including enzymes and antibodies. Antibody-based biosensors are also called immunosensors.
• Plant proteins or lectins
• Complex materials like tissue slices, microorganisms and organelles

• The signal generated when the sensor interacts with the analyte may be electrical, optical or thermal. It is then converted by means of a suitable transducer into a measurable electrical parameter – usually a current or voltage.

  Applications

  Biosensor probes are becoming increasingly sophisticated, mainly owing to a combination of advances in two technological fields: microelectronics and biotechnology. Biosensors are highly valuable devices for measuring a wide spectrum of analytes including organic compounds, gases, ions and bacteria.

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5th Edition of International Conference on Sensing Technology | 29-30 May 2023 | Brazil

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